forum zespołu muzyki folk Portfolk

beioiog7y3l

Posted:September 7, 2010Comments:Views:3
Share this article
Why do students leave college [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] before completing a degree? This question is of interest not only to scholars, but also to employers, institutions, students, parents of students, and spouses. A student who leaves college before graduating paid tuition that will probably not be made up for through employment, for a person who lacks a college degree will have diminished lifetime earnings (compared to college graduates). In addition, there is a loss of tuition for the institution, a loss of a major in some department, and a loss of human capital?that is, the loss of highly trained individuals to enter the workforce or perform civic duties.
Retaining a student is fundamental to the ability of an institution [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] to carry out its mission. A high rate of attrition (the opposite of retention) is not only a fiscal problem for schools, but a symbolic failure of an institution to achieve its purpose.
Defining Student Retention
There are two extremes of student retention. Normal progression, typical of a stayer, or retained student, occurs when a student enrolls each semester until graduation, studies full-time, and graduates in about four years. A dropout, or leaver, is a student who enters college but leaves before graduating and never returns [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] to [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] that or any other school. Between these two extremes are transfers, students who begin studies at one institution and then transfer to another. From the student's perspective, transferring is normal progress. From the perspective of the institution where the student first enrolled, the student has dropped out.
While it is easy to identify a stayer, a student who [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] has left college could [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] return at any [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] time. Students who re-enroll after quitting school are called stopouts. Students often quit school due to a financial shortfall or a family crisis and return a year later. Other [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] students might start school, drop out to work or to raise a family, and return [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] years, or even decades, later. Someone defined as a dropout [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] could become redefined as a stopout at any time. Other students become slowdowns, going from full-time attendance to taking just a few courses.
The previous definitions are from the perspective of a single institution. An important distinction must be made between students who meet their educational goals before graduating but do not receive a degree and students who enrolled intending to graduate but do not do so. For instance, a student might enter a college with the intention of taking three accounting courses to upgrade his or her status at work. When this is done, neither the institution nor the student fails, yet the institution would likely count the student as a dropout. Institutions that enroll large numbers of part-time students have to be very careful in understanding whether a low graduation rate represents institutional failure or institutional success. While a simple definition of retention or attrition may not be possible, an accurate description needs to consider the goals of the student upon entry.
Institutions often speak of retention rates or graduation rates. Institutions can calculate a meaningful retention rate only if they know the intentions of their students. [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Students who are not seeking a degree and leave school before graduation should not be counted as dropouts. Furthermore, overall retention or graduation rates are of little use to institutional planners. What is important is the retention rates for identifiable groups of students. When an institution has an overall graduation rate of 75 percent but only 15 percent of its Native American students graduate, the success of the majority masks problems in specific populations.
The following definition captures the essence of the problem of students leaving college prior to graduation: "A leaver or dropout is a student who enters a college or university with the intention of graduating, [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] and, due to personal or institutional shortcomings, leaves school and, for an extended period of time, does not return to the original, or any other, school." In considering any definition, it is important to identify if the definition is from the perspective of the individual student, the institution, or from the economic or labor force perspective.
A Profile of Successful Institutions and Students
Students that have economic, social, or educational advantages are the least likely to leave college, while students lacking these advantages are the most likely to leave. Advantaged students are also likely to attend the most elite schools, and since these students are least likely to leave school before graduating, these schools have the highest retention rates. The reverse is also true. Community colleges, regardless of their quality or value, are the lowest status institutions and have the lowest rates of retention. To say that the most elite schools have the highest retention rates is partly a tautology, because one part of the definition of eliteness is the rate of retention. Nevertheless, eliteness and student retention run hand in hand.
College Student Retention
相关的主题文章:

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]